Academic Publications
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Artificial Intelligence on Sunni Islam’s Fatwa Issuance in Dubai and Egypt. Islamic Inquiries, 1(2), 107–125, 2022.
This article examines how AI is changing religious authority in Sunni fatwa issuance, compares Dubai’s Virtual Ifta service with Cairo's Al-Azhar Fatwa Global Centre, and draws on interviews and a survey of lay Muslims’ attitudes toward AI in fatwas.
Update: In 2026, Egypt’s Dar al-Ifta announced a new global digital fatwa platform.
Khaled Abou El Fadl and Amina Wadud’s (Re)Politicisation of the Mosque and Employment of Social Media as a Means of Shaping Religious Identity Based on Values of Progressive Islam. Contemporary Islam, 14(3), 309–329, 2020.
This article examines how progressive Muslim scholars use sermons (khutbahs) and social media to reshape religious authority and identity, through a case study of Khaled Abou El Fadl’s YouTube-recorded khutbahs, compared with Amina Wadud’s mosque activism and online presence.
Book Chapters
Islamic Theology as a Thinking Tool for the Question of AI’s Potential for Consciousness. In Campbell, H.A & Low, C. (Eds.) Sacred Intelligence: Southeast Asian Perspectives on AI, Asian Research Centre for Religion and Social Communication.
This chapter asks what Islamic theology can contribute to debates about whether AI could become conscious. It first traces how European anxieties about machine consciousness emerged, from Descartes through Samuel Butler’s Erewhon, and then examines the Qur’anic concepts of rūḥ and nafs as they were developed in four theological traditions: Ibāḍī, Muʿtazilī, Sunni Ashʿarī and Ismāʿīlī. It argues that although these traditions never addressed AI directly, they all treat consciousness as inseparable from a divinely created soul, giving Muslims a principled basis to reject the idea of machine consciousness.
From Platforms to Prompts: Portrayals of the Muslim Brotherhood in Online Debates and LLM Representations. In P. Kourgiotis (Ed.), The Muslim Brothers Through the Eyes of Others a Century On: A Battle of Perceptions and Narratives in the Middle East and Beyond. Vernon Press, 2027.
This chapter asks how the Muslim Brotherhood is perceived today, not only by governments and mass media, but by ordinary social media users and by generative AI systems. It combines digital ethnography of debates on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and Islamic forums with a comparative audit of how leading AI chatbots describe the movement in English, Arabic, and Turkish to examine whether human and algorithmic portrayals match the Brotherhood’s official positions.
Afterlives of Displacement: Muslim Expulsion, National Imaginaries, and the Shaping of Contemporary Greek Public Life and Border Governance. In Çapcıoğlu, I., Apaydin, F., Akyar, N. (Eds), Handbook of Religions and Migration: Global and Multi‑Tradition Perspectives. Springer.
This chapter examines how the forced displacement of Muslims from Greece in 1923 created lasting ideas of Muslim incompatibility with Greek identity, and how these ideas are revived in today’s border governance. It argues that they shape Aegean deterrence practices and asylum policy, and that they also legitimise everyday hostility towards Muslim migrants and even towards Greeks who convert to Islam. The analysis draws on archival and legal records, policy documents, parliamentary debates, media and NGO reports, and interviews with converts.
Twice Displaced: Religious Classification, Forced Migration, and Contemporary Identity Negotiation in the Greek Muslim Diaspora of the MENA Region. In A. Anshu (Ed.), Migration in MENA Region: Historical Mobilities, Identities and Social Transformation. Routledge.
In 1923, the Lausanne exchange expelled the Muslims of Crete, who spoke Greek and had no ties to Anatolia, purely on religious grounds, and resettled them in Syria and Libya. This chapter examines how, a century later, the civil wars in those countries have led some of their descendants to return to Greece as refugees, to the villages their ancestors were forced to leave. Drawing on digital ethnography, critical discourse analysis and interviews, it asks how this second displacement unsettles categories of exile, return and refuge, and how the classificatory violence of Lausanne still shapes belonging today.